Statistical Methods in Economics Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Statistical Methods in Economics - Coursework Example The scheme in particular was designed to favour the usage of bicycle for a short period usually less than 30 minutes. In addition, Transport for London believes that about 0.5% of all cycle journeys start or end at Queen Marys, Mile End docking station. With this statistics in mind, the main objective of this research is 1) estimate the average length of bicycle hire and 2) to estimate the proportion of journeys taking place from and to the â€Å"Queen Marys, Mile End† docking station. In order to carry out this research as a way of organization, section 1 will provide a brief explanation of how the research was be organized, section 2 will look at two unbiased estimators and use them to provide an estimate of: the average length of the bike hire and the proportion of bike journeys taking place from and to the â€Å"Queen Marys, Mile End â€Å"docking station. Section 3 on the other hand will look at the two confidence intervals that have a high probability of: capturing the average length of the bike hire and the actual proportion of bike rides taking place from and to the â€Å"Queen Marys, Mile End â€Å"docking station. Section 4 will detail a hypothesis test to test whether the average length of the bike hire is consistent with Transport for London expectation that the pricing scheme gives incentives to users to hire the bikes for no longer than 30 minutes. Finally Section 5 will evaluate a hypothesis test to test whether the proportion of bike rides taki ng place at the â€Å"Queen Marys, Mile End† docking station is greater than the 0.5% expected by Transport for London. Data containing the information was obtained from London transport. The stratified sampling was done. The data was divided into strata of 100 for 1000 samples then a simple random sampling was done so to give each area an equal opportunity representation. After that, the probability of success will be noted, and then 95% and 99% confidence level will be used to estimate

Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Essay Example for Free

Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Essay a) Diversity Diversity is about valuing individual difference. So diversity is much more than just a new word for equality. A diversity approach aims to recognise, value and manage difference to enable all employees to contribute and realise their full potential. Diversity challenges us to recognise and value all sorts of differences in order to make our environment a better place for everyone to work see more:social barriers to equality and inclusion b) Equality Equality is about making sure people are treated fairly and given fair chances. Equality is not about treating everyone in the same way, but it recognises that their needs are met in different ways. Equality focuses on those areas covered by the law, namely the key areas of race, gender, disability, religion or belief, sexual orientation, transgender and Age. People must not be unfairly discriminated against because of any of these factors and we must all contribute to creating a positive workplace and service delivery environment where discriminatory practices and discrimination no longer happen. c) Inclusion Inclusion is about ensuring that children and young people, whatever their background or situation, are able to participate fully in all aspects of the life in school. It is not about viewing everyone as the same or providing the same work, but about providing the same opportunities and access to a high quality of education. Describe the potential effects of discrimination. Discrimination can only have negative effects on children and young people. Not only does it affect the academic progress of children, discrimination can negatively impact their overall health and well-being. Those who have suffered from discrimination may experience loss of self-esteem, anger, and disempowerment, lack of motivation, confusion and depression. Explain how inclusive practice promotes equality and support diversity. Inclusive practice is a process of identifying, understanding and breaking down barriers to participation and belonging. Inclusive practices will ensure that everyone feels valued and has a sense of belonging. In an inclusive environment there is recognition, acceptance and celebration of diï ¬â‚¬erences and similarities. Explain how legislation and codes of practice relating to equality, diversity and discrimination apply to your own role. The way in which we interact with each other in society is regulated by law. The Equality Act 2010 brings together all previous acts relating to equality and discrimination. The Act applies to all organisations that provide a service to the public. The Ac protects all individuals and groups from discrimination. Early years setting must be aware of these laws and have in place a policy regarding equality of opportunities and for supporting children with learning difficulties and disabilities. Providers must also have regard to the SEN code of practice. The EYFS also states that providers have a responsibility to ensure positive attitudes to diversity and difference. Within our setting we have an equality and diversity policy, and a SEN and disability policy. These policies must be followed by staff and integrated in to our working practice. The policies bring together all the main points from the various acts and the requirements of the EYFS. Policy and procedures when dealing with: Accidents If an accident takes place in the setting, I would do the following: * Inform another member of staff so that they know what happened to the child * If I am unable to deal with the accident myself I would refer the child to another member of staff who is first aid trained * E.g. A child has fallen over and grazed his/her knee: Firstly I would comfort/ reassure the child. I would then wipe the knee with a wet tissue, record the accident on a accident form, inform the parent of the child about the accident, get them to sign the form and then keep it in the accident folder. Incidents If an incident was to happen in the setting, it would be reported to a senior member of staff. The staff would then deal with the incident. It would be recorded on an incident form which would be signed by a witness and by a parent. The incident form is then kept in an incident folder which is kept safely and is easily accessible to the staff members. Emergency In the case of an emergency occurring in the setting the following procedure would take place: E.g Fire drill (Real or practice) * Upon hearing the fire drill, children and staff leave what they are doing, quietly and sensibly make their way the nearest fire exit. * A member of staff takes the register, usually a senior. The rest of the staff usher the children out to the fire assembly point. * A head count of the children is done as children exit the building * When children line up at the fire assembly point a head count is taken and the register is completed. * If there is no real fire, the staff can take the children back to the setting when an all clear is given by the head teacher. * The children are recounted when they return to the setting. In the event of a real fire, the staff and children would remain at the fire assembly point and the emergency services would be called by a staff member. The parents would also be contacted regarding the incident. Illness If an illness occurs in the setting, e.g. a child falls ill and has a temperature. A staff member would check the temperature of the child using a thermometer/strip, and monitor the child. A wet paper towel/cool icepack would be placed on the child’s forehead to cool the temperature. If the temperature remains the same and does not decrease, the staff member would then contact the parent/carer of the child to come and collect the child. Recording and Reporting of accidents and incidents The correct procedure for reporting and recording accidents, incidents, injuries and emergencies would be carried out by following the guidelines of Riddor. Riddor stands for, reporting of injury, disease, and dangerous occurrences regulations. All of this would be reported to the Health and Safety executive if: * Any accident to a member of staff requiring treatment by a general practitioner or hospital, and any dangerous occurrences, this may be an event that causes injury or fatalities or an event that does not cause an accident but could have done, such as a gas leak. An incident book is also kept for recording incidents including those that are reportable to the health and safety executive, these incidents include: * Break in, burglary, theft of personal or property of the setting. * An intruder gaining unauthorised access to the premises. * Fire, flood, gas leak or electrical failure.  * Attack on member of staff or parent on the premises or nearby. * Any racist incident involving staff or family on the centres premises * Death of a child, a terrorist attack or threat of one.

Tourism sector in Maldives

Tourism sector in Maldives Acknowledgement I wish to express my sincere appreciation to many people who have been there for me to supervise, direct, assist to help in the completion of the dissertation. First and foremost I would like to thank my tutor Ms.Pupinder Kher (Ms.Puppi) for her kind help throughout my dissertation. I would also like to thank Mr Saleem from the Faculty of Hospitality Tourism Studies in Maldives for providing me with a lot of information on number of girls who have studied in the faculty over the past 5 years which has enabled me to sum up the trend of the young women joining the industry through their higher studies. I am also grateful to my young respondents for giving their time in order to fill up the survey forms for which has enabled the most to fulfill my objectives in this dissertation. Last but not least to my beloved family friends who have given me support and help throughout my bachelor degree program at the Taylors University and believing in my research. Without their help I wouldnt have been able to compile this report. Thank you everyone although I could not have mentioned every name, your help is most appreciated. Abstract General Introduction With the rise of tourism sector in the Maldives in 1972 with one resort, it has improved to be the Ranbis alhaa kukulhu by the Maldivians or defined as The chicken that lays golden eggs which made a gateway to the employment as well as a boost in the economy of Maldives. The country with more than a thousand pearl islands in the Indian Ocean depends heavily on the contribution of tourism to its economy. Along the years of the tourism development, the start of one resort in 1972 has changed to 91 registered operating resorts, 14 hotels, 23 guesthouses, and to more than 147 registered tourism vessels in operation and many more in development, over the last 3 decades. The tourism sector has developed over the years since the first resort emerged in the year 1972 which also created a boost gateway in the employment sector of the country. During the 1990s, it was 6% of the employment which contributed to the tourism sector due to reasons such as lack of education in the field, un acceptance of the working environment since in Maldives its one island, one resort concept and also due to the religious facts such as working in places where wine liquor are served are prohibited, and lack of foreign language. Then, it was mostly men who travelled to work in the resorts while the women were to look after the family and most were housewives. Over the years, the acceptance of women working in the tourism sector directly dealing with the tourists have been increasing slowly. it is believed the main reasons which limits the number of women working in the resort are due to the one island, one resort concept where by a person has to work all week in the resort for which they are also accommodated on the same island and are able to visit back to their family once a week. This becomes problems for most that have a family. And also due to ethical beliefs among people for which woman have to work among men far away from the families is still not being well accepted by the perception of the community. As mentioned above, this dissertation would focus on issues regarding possibilities, reasons and opportunities which lack the young women to work in the tourism sector, mainly in the resorts which the small island nation such as Maldives is well known for. Hence the topic chosen for this dissertation is: An analysis on the reluctance of young women joining the tourism industry in Maldives. The young women is described as young girls between the age of the 16 20 which is the most appropriate age for the girls to chose a field to build their career either through further higher studies in a desired sector or working. The main four objectives to be covered in the research would be in order to find the following. What are the views and opinions of the fresh graduates from high school towards women working in the tourism sector? What can hospitality education programs or facilities do in order to attract more women towards the industry? What are the factors that motivate them to join the industry? ( that is either starting their higher studies in the tourism sector or work) What are the factors why most girls are reluctant to work in resorts? The following objectives are to be covered on the primary data collected. This dissertation consists of two parts. The first part discuses the existing facts and figures of the women in the industry, concept and existing practices in the community. Also issues, challenges and barriers in the industry for woman theoretically explained by different people which is related to the independent and dependent variables of the research. The second part consists of the research methodology, the findings and analysis. For the research methodology, the research consists of primary and secondary data collected. The primary data would be the Questionnaire forms which would be filled up by the sample ages group which is girls between the age of 16 20. The analysis on the primary data would complete the objectives to be covered in the research as well as give the results of the hypothesis in this dissertation. The research methodology would be more briefed in the second part. The hypotheses to be tested are: H1: The views and opinions of the fresh graduates from high school towards women working in tourism industry would be an acceptable factor in the minds of the modern generation; hence they may be not able to work due to family influence in choosing their career or the perception of the people towards girls working. H2: The views and opinions of most fresh graduates towards working in the tourism sector would be unstable and would need guidance from informative sources about their career path H3: The resorts assuring the women as well as the parents of them on the safe and security of the working environment would attract women towards the industry H4: Factors such as families influence, the perception among people towards girls working in resorts and religious beliefs are main reasons why most girls are reluctant to work in the industry The importance of the chosen topic is due to several reasons such as, as per a survey conducted by the Ministry of Tourism in the year 2006, it showed that it was a percentage of 54% employed are locals in the resorts, among that only 3% represents the women in the industry. The importance of feminism gender in the industry is very much needed in the tourism industry today. Today, due to the dominant of the male gender in the tourism sector over the years since the beginning of tourism in Maldives, it has been a failure to recruit or to attract the female gender not even equivalent, but not even close to being equivalent to the male gender to work in the resorts. If the tourism industry ignores this problem today, in the future, there may not be any chances of career building for a woman in the industry which has become the main occupation of the country. Also one reason that motivated me personally in choosing this research topic is that I have seen my friends who studied with me, chose another career due to several barriers which they faced that changed their career leaving the hospitality industry after their higher studies in the tourism sector. Part 1 Literature Review Existing situation in the industry As per a survey conducted by the Ministry of Tourism, Arts Culture in the year 2006 shows that a percentage of 7.876% is the total of women, both local and foreign working in the industry while the rest 92.124% are male, both local and foreign. The survey also summed up that there were more foreign women in the industry then locals with a difference of 2%. In order to find the existing problems that are faced by the women to join the industry, the main theory focused in this dissertation would be the Glass Ceiling theory (Knutson Schmidgall ,1999) and Human Capital Theory (Becker,1975). The Glass Ceiling is described as an invisible barrier which cause the women difficulties or are unable to reach higher posts. These barriers either limits the further growth of a womens carrier in an organization or consists of de-motivating factors for which most chose not to work long term in the industry. This may be occurring in the Maldives since over the years, the tourism sector has been dominant by the male gender that the woman are not provided with higher positions unless with long time work experience or by higher studies, and for a long time, with the males working in the resorts, the women have mostly been housewives or been in other fields of work. The Human Capital Theory (Becker, 1975), describes that the differences in the income as well as the jobs offered are based on a persons experience, education and trainings. And that it involves no gender discrimination. The glass ceiling is also caused by different other factors such as sexual harassment, limitations in the old boy network, work and family balance, Describing sexual harassment, (Dunwoody-Miller and Gutek 1985). Sexual harassment could also be described in a work place other then abusing, but also such as humiliation in front of other people. Mostly within a work force with a larger number of men, the women could be humiliated for what they said in a crowd which they could feel sexually harassed. In most cases, it could be their seniors doing it. But unfortunately, most are un1ware of the policies of an organization on whom it has to be reported for which some chooses to leave the organization. The informal social group which has the high connection with the management allowing them for easier promotions and higher positions are described as The boy network (Oakley, 2000). Thus in the hospitality industry, a lot of women complain that they are excluded from this informal groups where by the old boy net work also limits the opportunities of growth to the women. Unlike the men, the women are also mostly responsible for the family as well as work. In order to balance out their work life as well as family life, the woman either try to find helpers or nannies to manage the homes or chooses jobs with lesser responsibilities and time that has to be spend in the work. (McGrath, 1999; Higgings et. al, .2000).

Identify Marks and Spencers market position and determine why they nearly collapsed :: essays research papers

Identify Marks and Spencers market position and determine why they nearly collapsed Introduction Marks & Spencer is one of the UK's foremost retailers of clothing, foods, homeware and financial services, boasting a weekly customer base of 10 million in over 300 UK stores. Marks & Spencer operate in 30 countries worldwide, and has a group turnover in excess of  £8 billion. It has specific values, missions and visions. It’s main vision is ‘to be the standard against which all others are measured’, it’s main mission is ‘to make aspirational quality accessible to all’, and it’s main values are quality, service, innovation and trust. (www.marksandspencer.co.uk). By the end of 1998 though, there was evidence of a crisis occurring. Customers and media pulled together to assist senior management partake in an internal audit to identify the problems and see if they could come to a solution. The purpose of this assignment is to construct a SWOT analysis, highlighting each of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that were highlighted in the internal audit. The SWOT analysis is contained within the marketing plan and is the third step in the marketing planning process, coming after the Marketing audit and before any assumptions. (Joisce, Ted (2002), Marketing Planning Lecture Notes – 14/10/02, Mission, Objectives, Strategy, Tactics) Conclusions will be drawn from the SWOT analysis, which will attempt to review the company’s position and identify the marketing priorities. Also, Marks & Spencer’s recent marketing activities will be critically analysed in order to ascertain what improvements have been made since 1998. This assignment will attempt to determine why Marks & Spencer nearly collapsed and what they have achieved in terms of success and failure as part of their recovery programme. Strategic wear-out occurs when an organisation no longer meets customer needs and the pursued strategy is surpassed by competitors. (Drummond and Ensor, Strategic Marketing Management, p. 149, Butterworth Heinemann) Marks & Spencer is a perfect example of a company that had a successful strategy but failed to adapt to the changing environment and have therefore suffered from ‘strategic wear-out.’ Evidence to support this quote comes in the form of Marks and Spencer sending very little on marketing communications and being overtaken by their competitors, but this will be explained later in the assignment. As Figure 2 shows, strategic wear-out refers to the lack of fit between an organizations strategy and the needs of the marketplace. This was clearly evident with Marks and Spencer when they became complacent about their customer service standards and thought their customers understood what Marks and Spencer stood for without marketing when all along they didn’t.

Globalization and Its Merits and Demerits

[edit]Proto-globalization Main article:  Proto-globalization The next phase, known as  proto-globalization, was characterized by the rise of maritime European empires, in the 16th and 17th centuries, first the  Portuguese  and  Spanish Empires, and later the  Dutch  and  British Empires. In the 17th century, world trade developed further when  chartered companies  like the  British East India Company  (founded in 1600) and the  Dutch East India Company  (founded in 1602, often described as the first  multinational corporation  in which stock was offered) were established. [39]Animated map showing the development of European  colonial empiresfrom 1492 to present The  Age of Discovery  added the  New World  to the equation,[40]  beginning in the late 15th century. Portugal  and  Castile  sent the first exploratory voyages[41]  around the  Horn of Africa  and to the Americas, reached in 1492 by the Italian explorer  Christopher C olumbus. Global trade growth continued with the  European colonization of the Americas  initiating the  Columbian Exchange,[42]  the exchange of plants, animals, foods, human populations (including  slaves),  communicable diseases, and culture between theEastern  and  Western  hemispheres.New crops  that had come from the Americas via the European seafarers in the 16th century significantly contributed to world population growth. [43]  The Puritans migration to New England, starting in 1630 under John Winthrop with the professed mission of converting both the natives of North America to Puritan Christianity and raising up a â€Å"City Upon a Hill† that would influence the Western European world, is used as an example of globalization. [44]

Foreign Policy DBQ essays

Foreign Policy DBQ essays Foreign Policy has varied throughout United States history, in order to adapt to changing times and needs. The alterations to foreign policies are generally made depending on the relationship the United States has with other nations, and to meet their own desires. Three types of US foreign policies include imperialism, isolationism, and containment. Isolationism began as early as the 1700s. The United States did want make strong ties with the British, nor any other nation, as they did not want to follow in England's footsteps. The policy of isolationism became an existent option of foreign policy after World War I. Another major policy was containment, which was created after World War II. After resolving various problems of Reconstruction and Industrialization, Americans began to resume the course of expansion. By doing so, they took on the foreign policy of imperialism. Containment was first formed at the end of WWII, in order to eliminate Communist influences from Eastern Europe. These three foreign policies of the United States, imperialism, isolationism, and containment, were imposed because of changing times and necessities. Imperialism was a major foreign policy in which the United States used to achieve their goals. Imperialism is the policy of extending a nation's authority by territorial gain or by the establishment of economic and political control over other nations. An example of this is McKinley's decision in 1898 to acquire the Philippines as a result of the Spanish American War (Document 1). After the sinking of the Battleship Maine in Havana harbor, the United States declared war on Spain (April 25, 1898). At the war's end, the Treaty of Paris was proposed. As a result, Spain lost its control over the remains of its overseas empire, which included Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippine islands, Guam, and more. McKinley decided that he does not have much of a choice of taking control of the Philippines. He reasons that?w...